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• The wait time is min(((2^n)+random_number_milliseconds), maximum_backoff), with n incremented by 1 for each iteration (request).

• random_number_milliseconds is a random number of milliseconds less than or equal to 1000. This helps to avoid cases in which many clients are synchronized by some situation and all retry at once, sending requests in synchronized waves. The value of random_number_milliseconds value is recalculated after each retry request.

• maximum_backoff is typically 32 or 64 seconds. The appropriate value depends on the use case.

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